Created in 1924. The All-Union Institute of Applied Botany and new cultures was called enrich the flora of our country by new valuable kinds and grades of useful plants, to find additional sources of industrial, technical and medicinal raw material. The new plants should be placed in places, suitable on a climate, to select at test the most valuable of a plenty received seed, cutting and seedling.
With this purpose in various geographical zones of the country the skilled sites, basic items, branches and stations of All-Union institute of applied botany and new cultures were created. In 1926 well known botanist  Academician Н. Vavilov in a settlementof Mardakan on the semi-desert Absheron a peninsula on the basis of former suburban state farm the East - Transcaucasian branch of institute was organized. After reorganization in 1930. All-Union institute of applied botany and new cultures the branch was included in system of All-Union institute plant growing as his(its) branch, and in 1936 has received the name of Skilled station of dry subtropics. With 1945 for 1964 here there was Mardakan a scientific - experimental base of Institute of a gardening, vite-grawing and subtropical cultures.
For the first decade of existence here was assembled about 700 kinds and versions wood and shrubs of plants of a subtropical origin, the majority from which successfully passed a trial period of acclimatization. The plants, most proof and necessary for a national economy, such as evkalipt, laurels noble, mirt ordinary, olive European etc. were gradually selected
From 15 thousand kinds, versions, forms and grades received Н. Vavilov from different corners of  the globe, it was possible to acclimatize 400 kinds decorative wood and shrub of plants, 868 grades subtropical fruites of cultures.
The successfully developed(successfully unwrapped) works on organization arboretum were interrupted within Great Domestic war, when the basic attention was inverted on preservation of existing plantings(spreadings). Unfortunately, all to keep it was not possible - were lost and have left from a collection some valuable subtropical wood and busnes (shrubs) of a plant.
In 1945-1963 y. introduction of work again have accepted wide scope. The strings secondary introduction were stretched in other areas of Azerbaijan. It has helped scientifically to prove development subtropical plant growing, to select and to improve grades granat, olive, ingir by east, and also distribute them. The creation of the specialized state farms - Zykh Olive, Mashtaga subtropical is recommended.
In subsequent arboretum 2 years (1964-1966) was in system of the Ministry of public health services Azerbaijan SSR, and in 1966 by virtue of his(its) large scientific meaning(importance) was transferred(handed) to Institute of botany AS Azerbaijan. After that alongside with introduction of valuable and perspective kinds of subtropical plants the work on park landings(plantings) in the central part arboretum has extended, is created nursery of decorative of plants, which in many respects promoted duplication rare exotics and introduction them in gardening.
Arboretum in Mardakan has got popularity as a centre of science of gardening semi-desert of areas not only Apsheron, but also all Azerbaijan. From here send on streets and in parks of cities and villages arizone and horizontal cupruarice, italian pine, drok Spanish, olive European and many other breeds. Arboretum, whence since the first years of his(its) existence the landing material for an exchange with worker planting of greenary by organizations of Transcaucasia, Central Asia, Northern Caucasus, Crimea and Southern Ukraine undertook.
In creation of a collection arboretum alongside with founder it(him) Н. And. Vavilov (in 1926-1930 y.), which directly supervised over work, active participation accepted And. Д. Strebkova (1927-1933 y.), Н. Д, Kosteckiy (1933), item. And. Shutov (1934-1964 y.), and Jiqarevich (1936-1964 y.), With.. Alekperova (1938-1964 y.) and other scientists.